International Consultant: Team leader for a Country-led Formative Evaluation of Safely Managed Sanitation Assistance Program (PPSP) in Indonesia (2009-2024), Jakarta, Indonesia

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Indonesia is the largest archipelago nation in the world. With a population of 270.2 million (National Statistics Agency, 2020) from 360 ethnic groups, Indonesia is the fourth most populous country in the world. It stretches 5,150 km between the Australian and Asian continental mainland, divided the Pacific and Indian Oceans at the Equator. The country comprises of five main islands: Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Celebes and Papua. It has a total of 17,508 islands, among which 6,000 are inhabited. The population of Indonesia can be divided into two major groups: in the western region, most from the Malay ethnicity, while in the eastern region there are the Papuans originating from the Melanesian Islands.

Since the year 2000, Indonesia has made remarkable progress in accelerating access to basic water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services to most of its population, spreading across different islands of the archipelago. Since 20001, Indonesia has succeeded in expanding access to improved water sources to about 110 million citizens and improved sanitation facilities to 148 million citizens. At the same time, Indonesia also managed to significantly reduce its open defecation rate from 30% in 2000 to 5.6 % in 2021 (National Statistics Agency, 2021). As of 2021, 90.7% of Indonesia’s population have access to improved drinking water – a significant increase from 61.29% drinking water access in 2018. Similarly, 80.29 percent of the population has access to improved sanitation in 2021 (National Statistics Agency, 2021). Nevertheless, challenges and issues linked to water quality and sanitation-related diseases are still a concern. A recent survey (2021) by the Ministry of Health showed that Escherichia coli (E. coli) was found in 70% of the groundwater samples from the surveyed households, indicating that water pollution due to poor sanitation is a major issue of concern.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) inspires countries to improve the access and quality of sanitation services. It is no longer considered sufficient to only have access to adequate sanitation, countries now must introduce and increase access to safely managed sanitation, which offers better health and environmental protection for children and their families. Safely managed sanitation is an upward shift of the interventions focused in reducing open defecation.

The level of access to safely managed sanitation in Indonesia is still low – around 10% in 2023 – which is slight increase from 7% in 2022 (National Statistics Agency, 2022 & 2023). Several initiatives have been conducted by the government to increase access to safely managed sanitation, including improving fecal sludge management (FSM) and access to sewerage system (e.g., city-scale or decentralized wastewater treatment system, particularly for high densely urban areas). In the area of on-site sanitation, the government through the Ministry of Public Works and Housing has supported local governments in improving fecal sludge management by providing technical assistance to strengthen institutional capacity, development of guidelines and standards, conducting training and sharing knowledge, etc. In addition, the Ministry of Public Works and Housing has provided support to vulnerable households to acquire sealed septic tanks to contain domestic wastewater and reduce risk of pollution. On-site systems that are not properly sited, designed, installed, and maintained pose an unacceptable risk to public health.

Government of Indonesia (GoI) has set new target by committing to provide access to safely managed sanitation to 30% of Indonesians by 2030 and 70% by 2045. To achieve these targets, the GoI with technical support from UNICEF has developed a safely managed sanitation roadmap, which serves as a basis for the preparation of the next national development plans – National Medium-Term Development Planning (RPJMN) 2025-2029 and National Long-Term Development Planning (RPJPN) 2025-2045. The roadmap sets out the key policies, strategies, interventions, budget, priority programs and line ministries accountable for the implementation of the safely managed sanitation roadmap.

Object of Evaluation (PPSP Program – Program Percepatan Pembangunan Sanitation Permukiman)

To achieve the desirable outcome of universal coverage of safely managed sanitation access and services across the Indonesian archipelago, there is need for increased policy and programmatic efforts by stakeholders. To achieve the ambitious targets in the recently launched national sanitation roadmap, it is essential to strengthen the support to the sub-national governments. The national government’s support to the subnational governments was initiated in 2009 and is primarily provided through four key ministries: National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas); Ministry of Home Affairs (MoHA); Ministry of Public Works and Housing (MPWH); and Ministry of Health (MoH). The “Program Percepatan Pembangunan Sanitasi Permukiman” (PPSP/Sanitation Settlement Development Acceleration Program) is the main platform through which the support is provided. In addition to provision of support for improving access to sanitation services, the platform has been instrumental in fostering multi-stakeholder collaboration among stakeholders in the sector. The PPSP Program was developed with a primary purpose of creating and nurturing an enabling environment to support the acceleration of sanitation development, through advocacy, strategic planning, and inclusive implementation through engagement and involvement of various stakeholders. There are six core strategies that underpin PPSP’s support at the subnational level. These include: (a) conducting campaigns, education, advocacy and technical assistance, (b) development of local institution and regulation capacity (c) preparing city sanitation strategy, (d) development of programme memorandum, (e) fostering implementation, and (f) monitoring, evaluation and coaching.

Since the inception of PPSP over 15 years ago, there have been three phases of programme implementation. The Government of Indonesia through Bappenas’s Directorate of Housing and Settlement is keen to gather lessons and insights to inform the next phase of the programme implementation. It is also important that the fourth phase of PPSP takes into consideration the relevant development targets highlighted in the newly launched national National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN 2025-2029) and National Long Term Development Plan (RPJPN 2025-2045). To this end, Bappenas’s Directorate of Housing and Settlement in partnership with UNICEF has commissioned an evaluation of PPSP to generate evidence on areas of improvement to better support the local governments in strengthening the access to safely managed sanitation services.

Objectives of Evaluation

The objectives of the evaluation are to:

1.Develop a theory of change (ToC) to capture the causal pathways toward accelerating access to safely managed sanitation (SMS) in Indonesia through the PPSP’s support to subnational governments. The ToC will be developed based on the review of existing literature and consultations and validation by key stakeholders. The ToC is expected to provide a theoretical framework of activities, outputs and outcomes that will form the basis for evaluating the overall PPSP programme’s support for the acceleration of SMS activities in Indonesia.

2.Assess the relevance, coherence, effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability of the PPSP program approaches and strategies in accelerating access to SMS.

3.Draw lessons learned, benchmarks, good practices and a set of forward-looking and actionable recommendations to inform the priorities, design, implementation and scale up of programming approaches, strategies and key interventions needed for accelerating the access to safely managed sanitation in Indonesia. This will include learning from other countries experiences. [Consider highlighting new innovative models/approaches that can be used to inform the design of PPSP support to subnational government to accelerate access to SMS in Indonesia]

The scope of the evaluation will include the following three core areas.

Thematic scope:

Thematically, the evaluation will examine implementation of the PPSP program (2009-2024), particularly on the technical assistance provided to local governments. The main focus will be on the upstream work aimed at creating an enabling environment (e.g., regulation, governance) and system strengthening (e.g., planning, budgeting, strategies development etc.). The evaluation will also focus on issues related to the impact of poor sanitation on environment and inclusive climate resilience.

Geographical scope: Geographically, the evaluation will cover the implementation activities of the SMS programme at both the national and sub-national. At the subnational level, the target will be at least four districts in two provinces (preferably East Java and South Sulawesi).

Chronological scope: The evaluation will focus on the PPSP’s implementation period from 2009 to 2024. As the timeline covers the COVID-19 period, the evaluation will examine the implications of the pandemic on the SMS programming. Therefore, the evaluation will assess the extent to which the programming remained relevant and strategically positioned to address the changing reality and needs for communities, children and their families in Indonesia.

Qualifications, Specialized Experience and Additional Competencies

The lead consultant (Team Leader) should be a senior-level evaluation expert with international experience to lead the evaluation. He/she is expected to engage local experts as part of the evaluation team. The core evaluation team may comprise between 1 to 2 experts. The team should have complementary expertise in the areas of evaluation and WASH (safely managed sanitation is preferred). A gender balanced and culturally diverse team composition, including national team members, is strongly encouraged.

As team leader, he/she is responsible for preparing the overall work plan and overseeing its implementation, ensuring coherence of the analytical approach, and ensuring that all evaluation outputs are produced in an acceptable and timely manner. He/she will also be responsible for ensuring cross-cutting issues e.g., gender equality, equity, and human rights, including child rights are well considered; ensuring ethical conduct of evaluation; also ensuring integration of the inputs of the other team members into a coherent evaluation report.

Please refer to the Term of Reference attached for the detailed breakdowns of tasks, deliverables/outputs, and information on the requirements for the technical and financial proposals.

TOR Formative Eval of Safely Managed Sanitation Assistance Program in Indonesia_for consultant.pdf

To qualify as an advocate for every child you will have…

-Strong team leadership and management track record and commitment to delivering timely and high-quality evaluation outputs.

-Extensive evaluation expertise (at least 10 years) of comprehensive scope with strong mixed-methods evaluation skills and flexibility in using non-traditional and innovative evaluation methods.

-Background in WASH, particularly specializing in sanitation programme development, including sound knowledge of policy and system aspects; institutional development; familiarity with other sectors, namely health, education, and social protection, including the role of the UN system, partnerships, results-based management, planning and monitoring; policy, advocacy, upstream programming, and sustainable development issues.

-Demonstrated experience in engaging with government stakeholders in a participatory manner throughout the evaluation process.

-Familiarity with development programming, policy and advocacy work and experience in evaluating multi-sectoral programmes or initiatives would be an asset (familiarity with the socio-economic context of Southeast Asian countries is preferred).

-Knowledge of the UN’s human rights, gender equality and equity agendas and experience in applying these to evaluation.

-Good interpersonal and communication skills; ability to interact with various stakeholders and to concisely express ideas and concepts in written and oral form.

-Language proficiency: Fluency in English is mandatory.

For every Child, you demonstrate…

UNICEF's values of Care, Respect, Integrity, Trust, Accountability, and Sustainability (CRITAS).

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UNICEF is here to serve the world’s most disadvantaged children and our global workforce must reflect the diversity of those children. The UNICEF family is committed to include everyone, irrespective of their race/ethnicity, age, disability, gender identity, sexual orientation, religion, nationality, socio-economic background, or any other personal characteristic.

UNICEF offers reasonable accommodation for consultants/individual contractors with disabilities. This may include, for example, accessible software, travel assistance for missions or personal attendants. We encourage you to disclose your disability during your application in case you need reasonable accommodation during the selection process and afterwards in your assignment.

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Remarks:

Only shortlisted candidates will be contacted and advance to the next stage of the selection process.

Individuals engaged under a consultancy or individual contract will not be considered “staff members” under the Staff Regulations and Rules of the United Nations and UNICEF’s policies and procedures, and will not be entitled to benefits provided therein (such as leave entitlements and medical insurance coverage). Their conditions of service will be governed by their contract and the General Conditions of Contracts for the Services of Consultants and Individual Contractors. Consultants and individual contractors are responsible for determining their tax liabilities and for the payment of any taxes and/or duties, in accordance with local or other applicable laws.

The selected candidate is solely responsible to ensure that the visa (applicable) and health insurance required to perform the duties of the contract are valid for the entire period of the contract. Selected candidates are subject to confirmation of fully-vaccinated status against SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) with a World Health Organization (WHO)-endorsed vaccine, which must be met prior to taking up the assignment. It does not apply to consultants who will work remotely and are not expected to work on or visit UNICEF premises, programme delivery locations or directly interact with communities UNICEF works with, nor to travel to perform functions for UNICEF for the duration of their consultancy contracts.

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Added 3 hours ago - Updated 3 hours ago - Source: unicef.org